what is hearst digital media
Hearst Communications, Inc., commonly referred to as Hearst, is a U.S. multinational mass media and business information conglomerate headquartered at Hearst Tower in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
Hearst has newspapers, magazines, television channels and television stations, including the San Francisco Chronicle, Houston Chronicle, Cosmopolitan and Esquire. It owns 50% of the A&E Networks cable network and 20% of ESPN's sports cable network, both in partnership with The Walt Disney Company.
The conglomerate also has several business information companies, including Fitch Ratings and First Databank.
The company was founded by William Randolph Hearst as a newspaper owner, and the Hearst family remained involved in its ownership and administration.
Years of formation
In 1880, George Hearst, a mining company and U.S. senator, bought the San Francisco Daily Examiner. [6] The younger Hearst eventually founded a readership of Hearst newspapers and magazines ranging from 15,000 to more than 20 million. [7] Hearst began buying and marketing other newspapers, including the New York Journal in 1895 [8] and the Los Angeles Examiner in 1903.
In 1903, Hearst created Motor Magazine, the first title of his company's magazine division. He bought Cosmopolitan in 1905 and Good Housekeeping in 1911. [9] [10] The company began publishing books in 1913 with the creation of Hearst's International Library. [11] [12] Hearst began making feature films in the mid-1910s, which created one of the first animation studios: the International Film Service, which transformed comic book characters. from the Hearst newspaper on the characters in the film.
Hearst bought the Atlanta Georgian in 1912, the San Francisco Call and the San Francisco Post in 1913, the Boston Advertiser and the Washington Times (unrelated to current newspapers) in 1917, and the Chicago Herald in 1918 (the result in the Herald Examiner). [15]
In 1919, Hearst's Book Publishing Division was renamed the Cosmopolitan Book
Main season
Advertising asking car manufacturers to place ads in the Hearst chain that indicate their circulation
In the 1920s and 1930s, Hearst had the largest media conglomerate in the world, which included numerous magazines and newspapers in major cities. Hearst also began acquiring radio stations to fill his roles. [16] Hearst faced financial problems in the early 1920s when he used corporate funds to build Hearst Castle in San Simeon and to support film production at Cosmopolitan Productions. This eventually led to the merger of Hearst International with Cosmopolitan in 1925.
Despite some financial difficulties, Hearst began to expand in 1921 when he bought the Detroit Times, The Boston Record and Seattle Post-Intelligence. Hearst then added the Los Angeles Herald and the Washington Herald, as well as the Oakland Post-Enquirer, the Syracuse Telegram and the Rochester Journal-American in 1922. He continued shopping until the mid-1920s, buying Baltimore News (1923), San Antonio Light (1924), Albany Times Union (1924), [18] and The Milwaukee Sentinel (1924). In 1924, Hearst entered the New York tabloid market with the New York Daily Mirror, which was to compete with the New York Daily News.
In addition to print and radio, Hearst founded Cosmopolitan Pictures in the early 1920s and distributed his films under the newly formed Metro Goldwyn Mayer. [20] In 1929, Hearst and MGM made the annual Hearst Metrotone films.
Limitations after the Great Depression
The Great Depression hurt Hearst and his publications. The Cosmopolitan Book was sold in 1931 to Farrar & Rinehart. [11] After two years of renting them to Eleanor "Cissy" Patterson (a McCormick-Patterson family owned by the Chicago Tribune), Hearst sold them in 1939 to the Washington Times and Herald; united them and created the Washington Times-Herald. That year he also bought the Milwaukee Sentinel from Paul Block (who bought it from the Pfisters in 1929) and absorbed his afternoon Wisconsin News in the morning paper. Also in 1939, he sold the Atlanta Georgian to Cox Newspapers, which merged it with the Atlanta Journal. Hearst, whose chain is now owned by its creditors after the liquidation in 1937, [22] also had to mix some of its morning and afternoon newspapers. In Chicago, he combined the Morning Herald-Examiner and Afternoon American with the Herald-American in 1939. This was followed by the merger of the New York Evening Journal in 1937 and Morning American with the New York Journal-American, sales in the Omaha Daily Bee of the World-Herald.
In front of television, Polední noviny was a lucrative business, often selling its morning counterparts with stock market information in its first editions, while later editions were rich in sports news with results from baseball games and horse racing. The dailies also benefited from ongoing reports of the fighting of World War II. After the war, however, television news and its surroundings grew rapidly; thus, the evenings were affected more than those that came out in the morning, the load of which remained strong while the sales of their afternoon counterparts declined.
In 1947, Hearst produced an early television news program for the DuMont Television Network: I.N.S. Telenews and in 1948 became the owner of one of the first television stations in the country, WBAL-TV in Baltimore.
The earnings of Hearst's three morning newspapers, the San Francisco Examiner, the Los Angeles Examiner and The Milwaukee Sentinel, supported the loss of money in the company's noon publications, such as the Los Angeles Herald-Express, the New York Journal-American, and Chicago. American. The company later sold the letter to the owners of the Chicago Tribune, who changed it to the size of the tabloid Chicago Today in 1969 and stopped publishing in 1974). In 1960, Hearst also sold the Pittsburgh Sun Telegraph Pittsburgh Post Gazette and Detroit Times The Detroit News. After a long strike, the Milwaukee Sentinel sold the Milwaukee Journal in the afternoon of 1962. In the same year, Hearst's Los Angeles newspaper - Morning Examiner and Afternoon Herald-Express - merged to become the evening Los Angeles Herald. -Examiner. The New York newspaper strike of 1962-63 left the city paperless for more than three months, with Journal-American being one of the main goals of the Typographical Union strike. The Boston Record and Evening American merged as Record-American in 1961, and in 1964 the Baltimore News-Post became Baltimore News-American.
In 1953, Hearst Magazines bought Sports Afield magazine, which it published until 1999, when it sold the magazine to Robert E. Petersen. In 1958, Hearst's International News Service merged with United Press EW Scripps to become United Press International in response to the growth of the Associated Press and Reuters. The following year, Scripps-Howard's San Francisco News Hearst merged with the San Francisco Call Bulletin this afternoon. Also in 1959, Hearst became the publisher of the paperback book Avon Books
In 1965, Hearst Corporation began adhering to Joint Operating Agreements (JOAs). She reached an initial agreement with the DeYoung family, the owners of the afternoon San Francisco Chronicle, which began producing a joint release with Examiner on Sunday. Instead, the examiner became an evening publication that absorbed the News-Call-Bulletin. The following year, the Journal-American reached another JOA with two other notable New York newspapers: the New York Herald Tribune and the Scripps-Howard's World Telegram and Sun, to form the New York World Journal Tribune (names remembered in the middle of the city). months collapsed.
The merger of the Herald-Express and the Examiner in Los Angeles in 1962 led to the end of many journalists who launched a 10-year strike in 1967. The effects of the strike accelerated the company's death and the Herald Examiner came to a halt. published November 2, 1989.
Transfer to newspaper
Hearst moved into hardcover publishing with the acquisition of Arbor House in 1978 and William Morrow and Company in 1981.
In 1982, the company sold the Boston Herald American - the result of the merger of Hearst's Record - American & Advertiser's Herald - Traveler in 1972 - to Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation, [27] renaming the newspaper The Boston Herald, [28]], which competed. to date with the Boston Globe.
In 1986, Hearst bought the Houston Chronicle and fired the 213-year-old Baltimore News-American that same year after an unsuccessful attempt to reach the American JOA. The Abell Company, the family that published The Baltimore Sun since its inception in 1837. Abell sold the role a few days later to the Times-Mirror syndicate of the Los Angeles Times of Chandlers, also a competitor to the evening's Los Angeles Herald Examiner, which doubled in 1989. Changed in 1990. King Features Entertainment and King Phoenix Entertainment include the Hearst Entertainment collective umbrella. King Features Entertainment was renamed Hearst Entertainment Distribution, while King Phoenix Entertainment was renamed Hearst Entertainment Productions
In 1993, Hearst closed the San Antonio Light after buying it rival San Antonio Express-News from Murdoch.
November 1990, Hearst Corporation acquired the remaining 20% stake in ESPN, Inc. RJR Nabisco at an estimated cost of $ 165 million to $ 175 million [31] The remaining 80% has been owned by The Walt Disney Company since 1996. Over the past 25 years, ESPN's investments have been reported to account for at least 50% of Hearst Corp.'s total revenue. worth at least $ 13 billion.
On July 31, 1996, Hearst and the Cisneros Group of Companies in Venezuela announced their plans to launch Locomotion, a Latin American animated cable television channel
On March 27, 1997, Hearst Broadcasting announced that it would merge with Argyle Television Holdings II for $ 525 million, and the merger was completed in August to form Hearst-Argyle Television (later renamed Hearst Television in 2009).
In 1999, Hearst sold the publishing activities of Avon and Morrow to HarperCollins.
In 2000, Hearst Corp. pulled another "switcheroo" by selling his flagship and "Monarch of the Dailies," the afternoon San Francisco Examiner, and won a long-running competition, but this morning a bigger role, the San Francisco Chronicle of the Charles de Young family. The San Francisco Examiner is already in the pub
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